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[Linux Network] 01. ip 명령어

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01. ip 명령어

리눅스 시스템에서 네트워크 인터페이스를 관리하고 IP 주소, 라우팅 테이블, ARP 캐시 등의 정보를 조회하는데 사용되는 명령어


a) 명령 형식

ip [ OPTIONS ] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }


b) 옵션

옵션 설명
-d 보다 세부적인 출력
-f 사용할 프로토콜을 명시하기 위해 사용(inet, inet6, bridge, ipx 등)
-4 -family inet의 약어
-6 -family inet6의 약어
-B -family bridge의 약어
-s 통계 정보를 확인하기 위해 사용


c) 오브젝트

옵션 설명
address 디바이스에 IPv4 또는 IPv6 주소 확인, 설정을 위해 사용
link 디바이스 링크 상태를 확인, 설정을 위해 사용
route 라우팅 테이블 정보를 확인, 설정하기 위해 사용
neigh ARP 캐시를 확인, 관리하기 위해 사용


d) 명령 예시


📜 모든 네트워크 인터페이스의 정보를 표시 - ip address show (= ip addr)

$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a0:ba:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0
    inet 192.168.219.191/24 brd 192.168.219.255 scope global ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:ba90/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


📜 특정 네트워크 인터페이스 정보 확인

$ ip address show dev ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a0:ba:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0
    inet 192.168.219.191/24 brd 192.168.219.255 scope global ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:ba90/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


📜 특정 네트워크 인터페이스 링크 상태 확인 및 변경

$ ip link show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a0:ba:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0

$ ip link set ens32 down

$ ip link show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a0:ba:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0

$ ip link show ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a0:ba:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0


📜 인터페이스에 IP 주소를 할당 및 제거

$ ip address add 192.168.219.100/24 dev ens32

$ ip addr show dev ens32
2: ens32: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:a0:ba:90 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    altname enp2s0
    inet 192.168.219.191/24 brd 192.168.219.255 scope global ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.219.100/24 scope global secondary ens32
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea0:ba90/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

$ ping -c 2 192.168.219.100
PING 192.168.219.100 (192.168.219.100) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.219.100: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.016 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.219.100: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.121 ms

--- 192.168.219.100 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1018ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.016/0.068/0.121/0.052 ms

$ ip address delete 192.168.219.100/24 dev ens32


📜 라우팅 테이블 확인 및 항목 추가/제거

$ ip route show
default via 192.168.219.2 dev ens32 proto static
10.1.2.0/24 dev ens34 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.2.100
192.168.219.0/24 dev ens32 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.219.191

$ ip route add 172.20.15.0/24 via 192.168.219.192

$ ip route show
default via 192.168.219.2 dev ens32 proto static
10.1.2.0/24 dev ens34 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.2.100
172.20.15.0/24 via 192.168.219.192 dev ens32
192.168.219.0/24 dev ens32 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.219.191

$ ping -c 3 172.20.15.1
PING 172.20.15.1 (172.20.15.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 172.20.15.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.485 ms
64 bytes from 172.20.15.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=1.80 ms
64 bytes from 172.20.15.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=1.33 ms

--- 172.20.15.1 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2035ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.485/1.204/1.797/0.542 ms

$ ip route delete 172.20.15.0/24 via 192.168.219.192

$ ip route show
default via 192.168.219.2 dev ens32 proto static
10.1.2.0/24 dev ens34 proto kernel scope link src 10.1.2.100
192.168.219.0/24 dev ens32 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.219.191


📜 ARP 캐시 확인 및 항목 추가/제거

$ ip neigh show
168.126.63.1 dev ens34  FAILED
192.168.219.2 dev ens32 lladdr 00:50:56:fd:7f:0e STALE
192.168.219.1 dev ens32 lladdr 00:50:56:c0:00:08 DELAY

$ ip neigh add 192.168.219.192 lladdr 00:50:56:2f:2a:7c dev ens32

$ ip neigh show
168.126.63.1 dev ens34  FAILED
192.168.219.2 dev ens32 lladdr 00:50:56:fd:7f:0e STALE
192.168.219.192 dev ens32 lladdr 00:50:56:2f:2a:7c STALE
192.168.219.1 dev ens32 lladdr 00:50:56:c0:00:08 DELAY

$ ip neigh del 192.168.219.192 lladdr 00:50:56:2f:2a:7c dev ens32

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